Feridas: do início ao fim

O que são feridas?

Feridas são alterações da continuidade da pele, que podem surgir devido a uma variedade de fatores, incluindo cirurgias, traumas, doenças e efeitos colaterais de medicações.

Imagem de um pé sobre uma maca. Um pessoa está limpando o membro com uma gaze, essa pessoa usa luva cor azul.

Fonte: Site shutterstock

Causas das feridas

As lesões podem surgir por várias razões, e as mais comuns incluem:

  • Cirúrgicas: Resultam de procedimentos cirúrgicos e podem aparecer com pontos ou permanecer abertas;
  • Lesões por Pressão: Conhecidas como escaras, essas feridas se formam quando uma pessoa permanece na mesma posição por longos períodos;
  • Feridas Traumáticas: Incluem escoriações e outros traumas locais, como cortes e contusões;
  • Lesões Vasculares: Originam-se de problemas com os vasos sanguíneos, seja por alterações venosas ou arteriais.

Classificação das feridas

As feridas são classificadas de acordo com a profundidade do comprometimento da pele. Elas podem ser superficiais ou profundas:

  • Feridas Superficiais: Afetam apenas as camadas externas da pele, como a epiderme e a derme;
  • Feridas Profundas: Envolvem camadas mais internas, atingindo músculos, tendões e até ossos.

Além disso, as feridas podem ser categorizadas como simples ou complexas:

  • Feridas Simples: Respondem bem aos curativos convencionais e cicatrizam rapidamente sem apresentar sinais de infecção;
  • Feridas Complexas: Exemplos incluem feridas nos pés de pessoas com diabetes. Essas feridas são mais difíceis de tratar devido a fatores como alterações na glicemia, comprometimento arterial e dificuldades na cicatrização, o que prolonga o tempo de recuperação.
Desenho da região plantar de um pé com uma lesão próximo ao dedo hálux, com colocaração acastanhada e arredondada.

Fonte: Site shutterstock

Sinais de infecção de uma ferida

É crucial ficar atento aos sinais de infecção que pode ocorrer em uma ferida, que podem incluir:

  • Vermelhidão;
  • Inchaço;
  • Dor;
  • Secreção purulenta;
  • Cheiro desagradável;
  • Pele quente ao toque;
  • Dificuldade na cicatrização.

Esses sintomas são um alerta para procurar tratamento adequado. Um médico pode avaliar a situação e prescrever medicamentos, se necessário, enquanto um estomaterapeuta, especialista em cuidados com lesões, pode tratar a ferida para promover a cicatrização eficaz

O que fazer se tiver uma ferida

Uma ferida pode servir como uma porta de entrada para microorganismos, o que pode levar a infecções locais. Isso pode resultar em lesões difíceis de cicatrizar, aumento da dor, elevação dos custos de tratamento e impacto negativo na rotina diária da pessoa. Portanto, é fundamental buscar o acompanhamento de um especialista.

O estomaterapeuta é o profissional capacitado para lidar com feridas. Desde o início da lesão, sua atuação é essencial para garantir uma cicatrização eficaz, retorno à rotina normal, alívio da dor e prevenção de infecções. Se você tem uma lesão que não cicatriza, esse especialista pode avaliar a situação, orientar sobre as diferentes fases do tratamento e planejar a melhor abordagem para promover a recuperação completa.

Referências

Geovanini T. Tratado de feridas e curativos: Enfoque Multiprofissional. 2ª ed. São Paulo: Rideel, 2022, p.119 – 150.

Dealy C. Cuidando de feridas: Um guia prático para as Enfermeiras. 3ª ed. São Paulo: Atheneu Editora, 2008, p. 01 – 11.

59 respostas para “Feridas: do início ao fim”

  1. […] Em pessoas com neuropatia, pequenos traumas, como sapatos apertados ou sandálias que friccionam certas áreas, podem causar feridas. Devido à falta de sensibilidade, essas lesões muitas vezes só são percebidas dias após o trauma. Além disso, continuar a andar com um pé insensível dificulta a cicatrização das feridas. […]

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  4. […] com feridas geralmente precisam de mais nutrientes do que pessoas saudáveis. Isso acontece porque a resposta […]

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  6. […] durante a cicatrização, que contém fibras de colágeno que conferem resistência. No entanto, as feridas cicatrizadas não alcançam a mesma resistência do tecido […]

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Olá, sou Lisliane

Enfermeira pela USP, com especialização em saúde do adulto e do idoso pela USP e estomaterapeuta com habilitação em laserterapia. Atuo no tratamento avançado de lesões, estomias e na reabilitação de pessoas com incontinência fecal e urinária

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